![]() Obviously, the problem is that this measure can only capture the facets of PO that happen to correlate with the proxy, so it may miss important information. Psychologists seem to be especially fond of this, probably because they are not interested in political issues per se. Proxy measures use a measure not intended specifically for political orientation – such as values, particular personality traits like SDO, openness, or moral foundations – but that have earlier established reliable relationships the user can rely on. The tradeoff in the theory-based research approach (in addition to those already related to the issue-based approach) is naturally that often you find what you look for, so the measure can be only as strong as the theory – and I’m not aware of particularly good psychological theories that would take a realistic view of human mind and political behavior into account. The problem with the former is often that even though a label opposite to their own favored position may seem objective to the writer (like “authoritarian”), people who are not already on the same side surprisingly do not appreciate being called that, so the writing achieves more to flame than discuss. I’ve especially seen it in libertarian opinion writings with no empirical research, but it is also used in research. authoritarian/statist”), whether you like it or not. If you answer in a particular pattern, you can be labeled with a name related to the theoretical thought behind this (such as “liberal vs. One’s PO is determined by the correspondence to the theoretically important factors that may be issue-based or use items that are about more abstract principles, or both. Theory-based measure is based on the a priori definitions from particular theoretical approach, and in practice considers the ways people identify themselves as more or less irrelevant. Another problem emerges when the identifications and response patterns diverge. too old or from a foreign political culture: abortion may be a hot topic in the US and catholic countries, but it is a non-issue in protestant Western/Northern Europe). A general problem with an issue-based measure arises when the issues in the items are not relevant for the respondents (e.g. The approach is that one’s PO is determined by the similarity to other people (a data-driven approach). political behavior (also, their focus is probably more often specifically in political behavior) and the problems with minor groups that do not fit into the bipolar scale, so a single-item scale is viewed as inadequate. Issue-based measures are often combined with self-identification measures to empirically label self-identifications to sets of issue patterns. They seem to be favored by researchers in politics – most likely they know about the inconsistencies in people’s identification vs. Issue-based measures ask an array of questions about specific political issues. the use of “lib-cons” and “left-right” are different in the US and Europe. ![]() However, because the scale predefined but not by the respondents themselves, this may lead to problems when using the measure outside the population from which it emerged – e.g. #Research 12 point measure for work orientation how toViews PO as a matter of identification and so skips the difficult questions of how to measure PO by settling for the idea that PO is whatever people think it is. ![]() A pragmatic choice – the focus is somewhere else, but something about the PO needs to be found out, so let’s use the easiest and simplest one. right”), asking people where they would place themselves (practically always on a bipolar) scale. Self-identification measure uses broad labels (such as “liberal vs. This is just my quick observation on the subject.įour (and a half?) different types of self-report measures: I’m sure there are interesting philosophical writings on the subject, because topics like “what is political orientation” and “what is ideology” (not to mention “what is measurement”) are probably inexhaustible. Writing a meta-analysis on political orientation and MFT, I’ve learned that there are (self-report) measures of political orientation that have completely different approaches to the question, and they seem to be favored by different kinds of users. ![]()
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